Cannabinoids, the active compounds found in the fda cannabis products plant, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). These diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, leading to cognitive and motor impairments. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), comprising cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), endogenous ligands, and metabolic enzymes, plays a crucial role in modulating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD): AD is marked by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal death. Cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), have demonstrated neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Studies suggest that CBD can reduce β-amyloid-induced neuroinflammation and promote neurogenesis, potentially mitigating cognitive decline associated with AD. FRONTIERS Parkinson's Disease (PD): PD involves the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor dysfunction.

Cannabinoids may offer symptomatic relief by modulating the ECS. Activation of CB1 receptors can influence motor control, while CB2 receptor activation may reduce neuroinflammation. Clinical studies have explored the efficacy of cannabinoids in alleviating motor symptoms and improving quality of life in PD patients. SPRINGER LINK Huntington's Disease (HD): HD is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, leading to motor dysfunction and cognitive decline.

Research indicates that cannabinoids may exert neuroprotective effects in HD by modulating excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. The activation of CB1 receptors has been associated with the preservation of striatal neurons, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for cannabinoids in HD management. WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY Multiple Sclerosis (MS): MS is an autoimmune disease resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. Cannabinoids have been studied for their ability to alleviate spasticity, pain, and inflammation in MS patients.

The modulation of the ECS through cannabinoid-based therapies has shown promise in reducing symptom severity and improving patient outcomes. SPRINGER LINK Mechanisms of Action: The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases is attributed to several mechanisms: Neuroprotection: Cannabinoids exhibit antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and protecting neurons from damage.